| Notes |
- Biography: Only First Lady born outside the United States, Louisa Catherine Adams did not come to this country until four years
after she had married John Quincy Adams. Political enemies sometimes called her English. She was born in London to an English
mother, Catherine Nuth Johnson, but her father was American--Joshua Johnson, of Maryland--and he served as United States
consul after 1790.
A career diplomat at 27, accredited to the Netherlands, John Quincy developed his interest in charming 19-year-old Louisa when
they met in London in 1794. Three years later they were married, and went to Berlin in course of duty. At the Prussian court she
displayed the style and grace of a diplomat's lady; the ways of a Yankee farm community seemed strange indeed in 1801 when she
first reached the country of which she was a citizen. Then began years divided among the family home in Quincy, Massachusetts,
their house in Boston, and a political home in Washington, D.C. When the Johnsons had settled in the capital, Louisa felt more at
home there than she ever did in New England.
She left her two older sons in Massachusetts for education in 1809 when she took two-year-old Charles Francis to Russia, where
Adams served as Minister. Despite the glamour of the tsar's court, she had to struggle with cold winters, strange customs, limited
funds, and poor health; an infant daughter born in 1811 died the next year. Peace negotiations called Adams to Ghent in 1814 and
then to London. To join him, Louisa had to make a forty-day journey across war-ravaged Europe by coach in winter; roving bands
of stragglers and highwaymen filled her with "unspeakable terrors" for her son. Happily, the next two years gave her an interlude of
family life in the country of her birth.
Appointment of John Quincy as Monroe's Secretary of State brought the Adamses to Washington in 1817, and Louisa's drawing
room became a center for the diplomatic corps and other notables. Good music enhanced her Tuesday evenings at home, and
theater parties contributed to her reputation as an outstanding hostess.
But the pleasure of moving to the White House in 1825 was dimmed by the bitter politics of the election and by her own poor
health. She suffered from deep depression. Though she continued her weekly "drawing rooms," she preferred quiet
evenings--reading, composing music and verse, playing her harp. The necessary entertainments were always elegant, however;
and her cordial hospitality made the last official reception a gracious occasion although her husband had lost his bid for re-election
and partisan feeling still ran high.
Louisa thought she was retiring to Massachusetts permanently, but in 1831 her husband began 17 years of notable service in the
House of Representatives. The Adamses could look back on a secure happiness as well as many trials when they celebrated their
fiftieth wedding anniversary at Quincy in 1847. He was fatally stricken at the Capitol the following year; she died in Washington in
1852, and today lies buried at this side in the family church at Quincy. [2]
|
1775 - 1852 (77 years)
, d. 23 Feb 1848, Washington, District of Columbia